27 Sep. - 3 Oct. 2001
Issue No.553
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Al-Ahram Weekly Online 27 Sep. - 3 Oct. 2001 Issue No.553 |
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The ties that bind
Drawing on personal experience, James Zogby*, argues that Arab émigré communities should maintain strong ties with their original homelands
A while ago a Lebanese daily newspaper published a wonderful two page feature story on the Zogbys of Kufritieh. It was entitled: "Jim and John Zogby, Between Lebanon and America" and told the story of how my grandmother Barbara had left our village in Lebanon with her five sons and two daughters, how the family had planted new roots in America, had succeeded and was returning, as my brother and I often do, to visit Lebanon.
I was moved by the photos: my father's original home in Kufritieh, the village in the mountains and the 400-year-old olive tree in the back of his home.
There were also photos of my father's family in 1924, a Zogby family reunion in New York in the 1970s and a few current photos of my cousins who are still living in Lebanon.
We have grown closer to my Lebanese family in the past several years. They have visited us in the United States and, on a number of occasions, we have traveled with our families to visit them in Lebanon. It is a relationship that has survived the more than 75 years since my father left Lebanon.
Did you know they were Arab Americans?
Khalil Gibran
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Spencer Abraham
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Paul Anka
Singer and song-writer
Jamie Farr
Actor most known for role of Corporal Klinger in M*A*S*H
Christa McAuliffe
Astronaut who lost her life aboard the space shuttle Challenger
Kathy Najimi
Award winning comedy actress
Bobby Rahal
All-time earning champion among Indy car racers
As many times as my family has visited Lebanon, we have also journeyed to Ireland, but with a difference. In Lebanon, we visit my father's village and our relatives. In Ireland we still look to find my wife's family roots. Her maiden name is McMahon and her mother's family name is Walsh. We know the approximate area where they originated in Ireland and, to be sure, the local phone books have many listings of both names and the cemeteries are filled with markers of many past McMahons and Walshes. But we do not know which belong to her family and which do not. The differences between the early Irish and Lebanese migrations to the United States are great and are a function of two phenomenon: the different times in which they occurred and the different conditions that led them to come to America in the first place.
The mass Irish migration to America came in the mid to late 1800s. During the years of the Great Famine, 1845_1850, one-third of the Irish people died, one-third left for the United States, and one-third remained in Ireland.
The museum the Irish have built in Cork vividly describes the horrors of those years and the brutal Irish passage to America. Poor and sick Irish men and women were packed into the holds of ships in inhumane conditions for the long voyage. Many never made it. Those who survived the trauma never looked back and even if they had wanted to, they could not. The passage back was too costly and too painful even to contemplate.
It was tragic that during those years, roots were severed never to be restored. And this tragedy, as much as it harmed those who were left behind, continues to be a poignant theme in Irish song and literature, even until today. There are countless Irish songs that recall those who left and were never heard from again.
Now, four and five generations later, the descendants of that wave of Irish immigrants are returning. For most, it is a visit to the country in general. They are Irish, but they do not know their roots. For those who want to find their personal history, an entire industry has developed to help these Irish Americans attempt to identify their towns of origin and their family.
The Lebanese story is, of course, quite different. The great wave of Lebanese immigration was much later, at the early part of the twentieth century. We, therefore, are still in our first and second generations. The conditions under which our ancestors left were, in many cases, harsh, but not as traumatic as the Great Famine. More than escaping to save their lives, most of these early Lebanese were pioneers who traveled to America for economic opportunity. And more often than not, they sent money back to their families and were able to maintain a connection.
There are still some of these early immigrants with us and so the connection to our history is still fresh. And modern communications and travel being what it is, it is much easier to sustain the connections, if we wish to do so.
I can still recall, quite vividly, when my father returned for the first time to Lebanon in the mid 1950s. He was the first of his family to make that trip, and it was a dramatic event. In Lebanon, his return was celebrated in the village. He told them all about the growing Zogby family in the United States, their additions and their successes.
When he returned to the United States the situation repeated itself. We celebrated for weeks, as family members came from all over the United States to hear the news from Lebanon and especially Kufritieh.
Since then, as travel and communications improved, many more members of my family have visited Lebanon. Many of my father's brothers returned as have a few of my cousins. My wife and I first visited in 1971. I have returned several times since then. More recently, I have gone to Lebanon either with my wife and all of my children or my brother John.
This summer my brother John and I have planned yet another family visit to Lebanon. This time we will bring not only our wives and children. We have reached out and encouraged our other US cousins to join us as well. For many of them it will be their first visit. The relationship that was growing between the descendants of the immigrants and Lebanon broke down during the long civil war. It is now time to rebuild it.
If the synergy is to remain, more and more of these visits must occur and, I believe, not only Lebanon, but every Arab country with an émigré community in the US should develop programmes now to encourage and support such visits. We still have the opportunity to give this generation of the descendants of the first immigrants a grounding in the countries of their origins. Soon we Arab Americans will be in our fourth generation here in the United States. If work is not done now, our family histories will be forgotten, our connection broken.
It would be a tragedy to lose what we do not have to lose. The pride that my family in Lebanon and in the US felt when they saw that article in the Lebanese papers should be repeated for every family before it is too late.
* The writer is president of the Arab-American Institute.
Arab American Facts
Based on 1990 census (Source: Arab American Institute)
Citizenship and language: 82 per cent of Arab Americans are citizens; 65 per cent were born in the US. About 51 per cent speak a language other than English in their homes. About 18 per cent speak little or no English.
Grandfather Hassan (first from left) with his brothers who joined him in the US (source: Aida Hasan's Stories of Early Arab Presence in America)
Where do they live? Two-thirds of Arab Americans live in 10 states; one-third live in California, New York and Michigan.
Education: High school diplomas: 82 per cent; bachelor's degrees or higher: 32 per cent.
Work: 65 per cent of Arab American adults are in the labour force; 5.9 per cent are unemployed. Nearly 73 per cent of working Arab Americans are employed in managerial, professional, technical, sales or administrative fields; 12.9 per cent are employed by the government.
Earning power: Median income for Arab American families was $39,580, compared with $35,225 for all families. However, 10.9 per cent of Arab families live below the poverty level.
* According to this census, Arab Americans were around one million. However, AAI estimates the number is closer to three million.
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